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• The Canadian Encyclopedia has that describes Haudenosaunee (Iroquois): "The Haudenosaunee,听or 鈥減eople of the听longhouse,鈥� commonly referred to as Iroquois or Six Nations, are members of a confederacy of Aboriginal nations known as the Haudenosaunee Confederacy." The article provides a brief background and history of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.听

• The Haudenosaunee Confederacy is comprised of six听First Nations, one of them being the 碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) nation whose territory includes听罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别, or Montreal. The other nations are the听Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, and Tuscarora.

• 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别, the community which is located closest to McGill,听is one of eight territories that make up the 碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) Nation.听Kanesatake and听Akwesasne are other nearby communities that are also part of the听碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) Nation.

• Learn more about the Hiawatha Belt听on . The Hiawatha Belt "symbolizes the agreement between the 5 original Haudenosaunee nations and their promise to support each other in unity. The central symbol is a tree (representing the Onondaga Nation 鈥� where the Peacemaker planted the Tree of Peace and under which the leaders of the Five Nations buried their weapons). Four white squares from left to right represent the Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, and Mohawk tribes."

• The Haudenosaunee Confederacy describes the importance of Wampum Belts, as well as听this听from听The Canadian Encyclopedia.听

• (Hint:听Scroll down to see a photo of the Hiawatha Wampum Belt on the McGill campus.)

• Read more about the community of 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别听at .

• Visit the Mohawk Council 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别 website for a听.

• See .

• Read more about the community of 碍补苍别丑蝉补迟脿:办别听at .

• See where Kanesat脿:ke is located .

• Read more about the community of 础丑办飞别蝉谩丑蝉苍别听at .

• See where 础丑办飞别蝉谩丑蝉苍别 is located .

• The Canadian Encyclopedia has that describes the Anishinaabeg: "Anishinaabeg (other variants include Anishinabe, Anicinape, Nishnaabe, Neshnab茅 and Anishinabek) refers to a group of culturally and linguistically related First Nations that live in both Canada and the United States, concentrated around the Great Lakes." The article provides a brief background and history of the Anishinaabeg language and culture.听

• For further reading, refer to 听about the Anishinabe Nation

• Algonquin? Anishnaabeg?

  • Although in recent years the Algonquin have resumed using the name 鈥淎nishinaabeg鈥� which they have called themselves since time immemorial, the term Algonquin was imposed on them for more than 400 years by Euro Canadians. Read more about the origin of the name Algonquin .

• The Ojibwe, Chippewa, Odawa, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Saulteaux, Nipissing and Mississauga First Nations are Anishinaabeg.

• Kitigan Zibi is one of the nearest Anishinaabeg communities to 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/Montreal.

• Kitigan Zibi is one of the nearest Anishinaabeg communities to 罢颈辞丑迟颈脿:办别/Montreal. Learn more about Kitigan Zibi

• See where Kitigan Zibi is located .

• Visit the interactive map .

• Visit the interactive map

Visit 听for a full map.听

• "Indigenous is a term used to encompass a variety of Aboriginal groups. It is most frequently used in an international, transnational, or global context" (UBC).

• "The term 'Aboriginal'听refers to the first inhabitants of Canada, and includes First Nations, Inuit, and M茅tis peoples" (UBC).

• "'First Nation'听is a term used to describe Aboriginal peoples of Canada who are ethnically neither M茅tis nor Inuit. This term came into common usage in the 1970s and 鈥�80s and generally replaced the term 'Indian',听although unlike 'Indian',听the term 'First Nation'听does not have a legal definition" (UBC).
• There are more than 630 First Nations communities in what is now called Canada, each with its own history, traditions, and practices.

• Inuit in Canada come from Inuit Nunangat, or the Inuit homeland. Inuit Nunangat comprises four regions: Inuvialuit (Northwest Territories and Yukon),听Nunavut, Nunavik (Northern Quebec), and Nunatsiavut (Labrador).听Inuit means "the people" in the Inuit language of Inuktut. The singular form is Inuk, meaning "person."
• "This term refers to specific groups of people generally living in the far north who are not considered 'Indians'听under Canadian law" (UBC).

• "The advent of the fur trade in the historic Northwest during the 18th century was accompanied by a growing number of mixed offspring of Indian women and European fur traders. As this population established distinct communities separate from those of Indians and Europeans and married among themselves, a new Indigenous people emerged 鈥� the M茅tis people 鈥� with their own unique culture, traditions, language (Michif), way of life, collective consciousness, and nationhood" ().
• "Distinct M茅tis communities developed along the routes of the fur trade and across the Northwest within the M茅tis Nation Homeland. This Homeland includes the Prairie provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), as well as parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, and the northern United States" ().

• "The term 'Indian'听refers to the legal identity of a First Nations person who is registered under the Indian Act. The term 'Indian'听should be used only within its legal context when referring to a First Nations person with status under the Indian Act. Aside from this specific legal context, the term 'Indian'听in Canada is considered outdated and may be considered offensive due to its complex and often idiosyncratic colonial use in governing identity."
• "The term 'Native'听is a general term that refers to a person or thing that has originated from a particular place. The term 'native'听does not denote a specific Aboriginal ethnicity (such as First Nation, M茅tis, or Inuit). In Canada, the term 'Aboriginal'听or 'Indigenous'听is generally preferred to 'Native'. Some may feel that 'native'听has a negative connotation and is outdated. This term can also be problematic in certain contexts, as some non-Aboriginal peoples born in a settler state may argue that they, too, are 'native.'"

Inuk journalist Ossie Michelin has a friendly how-to guide about the correct terms to use when talking about Indigenous peoples.

• 听- This Center was created to preserve and enrich the language and culture of the 碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) of 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别. Their center is located in the Mohawk Territory of 碍补丑苍补飞脿:办别 south of Montreal, Canada.

• : A听12-lesson online course that explores Indigenous histories and contemporary issues in Canada. The course explores key issues facing Indigenous peoples today from a historical and critical perspective highlighting national and local Indigenous-settler relations.

• : Created by Mikana, Concordia University鈥檚 Office of Community Engagement, and the Montreal Indigenous Community NETWORK, the Toolbox provides "foundational knowledge on terminology, territories, and colonial history."
• : A website from UBC which discusses key topics relating to the histories, politics, and cultures of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
• : Indigenous Peoples in Canada",听by Zach Parrott, highlights demographics, history, a list of Indigenous peoples in Canada, and听educational guides.听
• : Chapter 7, entitled "The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada",听provides a basic historical overview. This visually appealing guide offers information for all audiences.
• :听"Stolen Lives"听is a program that walks students and teachers through an examination of the devastating legacy of Indian Residential Schools.听

• : This web page presents key events and developments in Indigenous history, from Time Immemorial to the present day. While no timeline can be exhaustive in its coverage, the Canadian Encyclopedia听provides a broad chronological overview.

• - To celebrate National Indigenous History Month, here are some documentaries compiled by CBC to learn about the history of the first peoples of this land, and the activists fighting for their future.
• -听 The Fifth Estate examines the horrific,听decades-long abuse听which took place at St. Anne's Indian Residential School in Northern Ontario.
• - Acclaimed M茅tis filmmaker Christine Welsh presents a compelling documentary about missing or murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada.
• - First Contact is a TV series that takes six Canadians on a 28-day journey intended to challenge misconceptions about Indigenous peoples and communities, and to shed a light on real Indigenous experiences.
• 听-听The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) has a section of films dedicated to Indigenous peoples.
• - The National Film Board has a section of films dedicated to Indigenous People in Canada, particularly in Quebec and Ontario.
• - A National Film Board documentary channel.
• - This documentary by Alanis Obomsawin looks at听how听碍补苍颈别苍鈥檏别丑谩:办补 (Mohawk) women, children and Elders fled their community of Kahnawake out of fear for their safety听during听the height of tensions in听Oka, Quebec听in 1990.听

• is a podcast hosted by Matika Wilbur (Swinomish and Tulalip) and Adrienne Keene (Cherokee Nation) exploring relationships.
• 听is听hosted by Trevor Phillips, Indigenous Graduate Student Success Coordinator, showcasing听the work of both Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, scholars, artists, and community members contributing to the vibrant Indigenous Intellectual Community.
• is a podcast hosted by Anishinaabe academic Steven Vanloffeld and Mi鈥檏maq lawyer听Glenn Wheeler.
• 听is a three-part podcast series created by Historica Canada and hosted by听Shaneen Robinson-Desjarlais.听
• explores Indigenous music culture.
• is a podcast that considers relationships between Indigenous Peoples and Black Peoples on Turtle Island.
• is the CBC radio space for Indigenous community, culture, and conversation.

• : The National Indigenous Cultural Safety Learning Series is an ongoing series of webinars "focused on exploring anti-Indigenous racism, discrimination and cultural safety and identifying how each informs our systems, why they persist, and how we can address them. Our goal is to facilitate opportunities for networking, collaboration and shared learning by bringing together key stakeholders from across Canada and internationally to explore, discuss, and learn about Indigenous Cultural Safety." There are 16 webinars available on the Indigenous Cultural Safety Learning Series website, including:听
  • 听with听Maria Campbell, Banakonda Kennedy-Kish & Gwendolyn Point
  • 听with Dr. James Makokis and Dr. Karina Walters
  • 听with Dr. Verna St. Denis
  • 听with Senator Murray Sinclair and Shelagh Rogers

• They aim听to raise awareness and initiate an exchange of ideas on First Nations, M茅tis and Inuit topics within the McGill community.
• The weeks allow听a space to privilege Indigenous voices and perspectives on campus. Since 2011, invited guests have included: academics, community members, elders and students. Topics that have been covered include health, identity, language revitalization, the Indian Act, Residential Schools, Indigenous legal traditions, Canadian policies, education, child welfare, and ways of knowing.
• Past IAW event calendars can be viewed via the links below:
  • 2022 Indigenous Awareness Weeks
  • 2021 Indigenous Awareness Weeks