Feindel Brain and Mind Seminar Series: Contribution of MRI to the understanding and diagnosis of Parkinsonism
La s茅rie Feindel Brain and Mind Seminar s鈥檌nscrit dans la ligne de pens茅e du Dr鈥疻illiam Feindel (1918-2014), directeur du Neuro de 1972 脿 1984, qui consiste 脿 maintenir un lien constant entre pratique clinique et recherche. Les pr茅sentations porteront sur les derni猫res avanc茅es et d茅couvertes en neuropsychologie, en neurosciences cognitives et en neuro-imagerie.听
Les scientifiques du Neuro, ainsi que des coll猫gues et collaborateurs venus du milieu ou du monde entier, se chargeront des conf茅rences. Cette s茅rie se veut un forum virtuel pour les chercheurs et les stagiaires en vue de favoriser les 茅changes interdisciplinaires sur les m茅canismes des troubles c茅r茅braux et cognitifs, leur diagnostic et leur traitement.听
Pour assister en personne,听
Pour regarder via Vimeo,
Lydia Chougar
Post-doctoral fellow, The Neuro, McGill University
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础产蝉迟谤补肠迟:听
Parkinson鈥檚 disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer鈥檚 disease, is the main cause of Parkinsonism, which is defined by a combination of resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Atypical Parkinsonism refers to other rare neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a poorer diagnosis, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and corticobasal degeneration. Degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta is the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative Parkinsonian disorders. These diseases present significant challenges in terms of early diagnosis, differentiation, and understanding of pathophysiology.
Neuroimaging has profoundly changed the landscape of research and clinical management of Parkinsonism over the past twenty-five years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides several in vivo quantitative biomarkers sensitive to different tissue properties that inform about the underlying pathological processes. Regional brain atrophy, detected using T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) sequences, reflects neuronal loss. Diffusion anomalies indicate the presence of microstructural alterations in the tissues related to neuroinflammation, while iron-sensitive imaging detects iron deposits. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI serves as a proxy for the degeneration of the substantia nigra. More recently, positron emission tomography (PET) has specifically allowed for the detection of misfolded protein aggregates, such as Tau and alpha-synuclein, observed in these diseases, giving access to an ante-mortem pathological diagnosis.
In the first part of my talk, I will illustrate how neuroimaging biomarkers contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Parkinson鈥檚 disease and how they can be used to provide an early diagnosis, quantify disease severity and progression, and monitor treatment effects. The second part will highlight the contribution of neuroimaging to the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian disorders, with a focus on the recent applications of machine learning algorithms trained with MRI features.
